What is a universal blood donor?
Universal blood donor is a person who can safely donate blood to almost everyone. Historically, it was believed that universal donors, as are also known, could safely donate blood to each individual. Later, research has shown that blood compatibility was actually more complicated and that there were rare situations where someone could experience a transfusion reaction after blood from a universal blood donor, and therefore "almost" objection.
Blood compatibility is determined by the presence of antigens in the blood. The blood of each has a slightly different composition of the antigen. If blood is from someone who has antigens, transferred to someone who does not have these antigens, the recipient's body reacts to the transfusion and tries to break the donor blood. Ideally, when someone needs blood transfusion, testing is performed and a donor with a close match is found. In a hurry, however, it does not have to be time to test the recipient or find a match in whims to be offered blood from the case from a universal blood donor. This blood does not contain any common antigens, andTherefore, it can be safely transformed into most people, although their blood types are not known.
The concept of a universal blood donor is based on two very commonly used blood type systems, ABO system and Rhesus system. These systems can be used to classify blood based on very common antigens. The ABO system includes four types of blood, A, B, AB and O, based on the presence of antigens A and B, while the blood contains no antigens. Each of these types can be divided into two subtypes based on whether someone contains other antigen known as the rhesus factor. People with Rhesus factor are reported to have positive blood, while people without negative blood, resulting in blood types such as AB- and O+. A person with blood is a universal blood donor.
There are other blood writing systems based on various other antigens that can be identified in the blood. These antigens are more rare but can completeto absorb the transfusion. Someone with blood may have a rare antigen that causes the recipient to respond with the blood of the donor. Some ethnic and racial groups are more likely to be unusual antigens and it is important to perform thorough testing of compatibility before blood conversion or from members of these groups to prevent side effects.
people who know their blood types may want to notice their blood types to identify them or bear the card in their wallet with basic information so that emergency respondents can quickly provide safe transfusions. If someone has a rare antigen or poorly responded to transfusions from universal donors in the past due to antigen incompatibility, this should also be noted.