What is prophylaxis HIV?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It will be expanded through infected body fluids that enter the bloodstream of a non -informed person. The transmission is most common during anal or vaginal sexual intercourse, when users of injection do not need needles or when a healthcare worker is stabbed by a needle that contains infected blood. In addition, a pregnant woman who is positive for HIV can transmit HIV to her child during childbirth or breastfeeding. Prophylaxis HIV is a treatment aimed at preventing HIV transfer; There are two types of prophylaxis HIV: prophylaxis before exposure and prophylaxis after exposure. In 2010, the Center for Control of Diseases (CDC) in the evaluation process was whether the combination of two antiretrovirol - drugs already used to treat HIV - could prevent HIV from holding in the body. Clinical Studies of Myoptuards leading among the populations endangered by HIV in several countries, including the United States, Thailand and Botswana, but notEnough evidence of a firm conclusion on the effectiveness of the preparation was collected.
prophylaxis after exposure (PEP) has a longer and better established record. This kind of prophylaxis HIV includes the provision of a 28 -day antiretrovirol course to a person who came into contact with body fluids with HIV. Most often, PEP is used when a healthcare worker is stuck with a needle containing the blood of the patient with a positive HIV. PEP is also given to infants whose mothers test HIV positive. Rarely, the prophylaxis of HIV is sometimes used as "morning after" rape victims, those who had consensual sex with a person who has or is likely to have HIV, and users of injection.
Studies of healthcare professionals and infant, whose mothers are HIV positive, have shown that HIV prophylaxis is most effective if it starts within 36 to 72 hours. After 72 hours it is considered ineffective. Among the healthcare workers,Completion of the whole course of PEP reduces the likelihood of HIV infection by 79 percent.
prophylaxis irrelevant after exposure (NPEP) is still somewhat cloudy. CDC recommends that an individual who has an unobtrusive exposure to the body fluids of the infected individual and seeks help within 72 hours is placed on the 28 -day antiretroviral course. However, some people may not know the state of HIV the source individual. For example, a rape victim may not have an idea of the sexual history of her rapist or HIV. The CDC remains largely silent in this matter and only states that the decision to initiate the prophylaxis of HIV, where the HIV status of the source individual is not known, should be made with the case.
HIV prophylaxis is by no means easy to repair the problem of HIV. Antiretroviroles are expensive, often disproportionately for people without health insurance. Moreover, many people suffer from serious side effects while taking them. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, paint heads and fatigue. Sometimes the side effects are so disturbing that individuals are unable to complete the entire 28 -day course of the prescribed drug.
repeated use of antiretrovirol may increase the risk of a person from obtaining therapeutic form of HIV. According to CDC, however, the treatment of antiretrovirola after HIV exhibition is currently the best prophylaxis HIV. More specific information about CDC can be found on its website.