What is a dinucleotide?
Dinucleotide is a type of molecule found in living organisms and consists of two nucleotides connected together. Individual nucleotides are subunits that form deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), molecules that contain the genetic information of the organism. Some types of dinucleotides such as nicotinamide adenin dinucleotide (above+) play an important role in metabolism.
chemically, nucleotide consists of several components. It must contain a molecular component called nitrogen, along with sugar containing five carbon atoms. These two ingredients are called nucleoside. Nucleotide must also contain a phosphate group that is a set of atoms of phosphorus and oxygen.
The two nucleotides that make up dinucleotide can be joined together in various configurations. Part of the sugar ingredient on one nucleotide may be bound to a group of phosphate on the other nucleotide. Alternatively, it is possible for phosphateuups of both nucleotides for connection. Above+ is created in a second way.
Nad+ is an important dinucleotide because it acts as coenzyme in metabolic reactions. Coenzymes bind to proteins and allow them to function properly by catalysis of chemical reactions. The main role above+ is the transfer of electrons from one compound to another.
Like other dinucleotides, above+ consists of two nucleotide structures. One nucleotide contains nitrogen called Adenin, which is also located in DNA and RNA. Nicotinamide, also known as niacin - vitamin B, is also known to another nucleotide.
in metabolic reactions above+ receives electrons from other chemical compounds. When this happens, the molecule over+ is reduced or loses its positive charge by getting a negatively charged electron. The modified compound is called Nadh. NADH can then contribute to other compounds acting as a reduction agent. When he donates an electron, he becomes oxidized and turns back to above+.
Since NADH can easily turn over+and vice versa, both compounds exist in a balanced ratio in these oxidation and reductions or redox reactions. They can carry electrons without consuming or permanently changed in the process. However, it is possible for dinucleotide to be consumed in other non -metabolic types of reactions. For example, in its role in adjusting proteins, it is consumed above+. This consumption requires a synthesis of new above+ and intake of ingredients above+ niacin or vitamin B3.