What is ozone concentration?
Ozone is a blue colored toxic gas composed of three oxygen molecules (O 3 ), which can either be a health risk or beneficial for life on Earth depending on where it is observed in the atmosphere. At lower levels in the atmosphere, ozone concentration above minimal amounts can cause health effects, affect the growth of plants and cause air pollution and building damage. In the upper atmosphere of 10-20 miles (20-30 kilometers) above the ground, ozone acts as a shield to prevent some harmful ultraviolet rays in front of the sun reaching the Earth.
Low level ozone consists of reactions of vehicles powered by oil with volatile organic compounds (VOC) found in gasoline and color solvents. When compounds accumulate in the atmosphere, they react with normal oxygen molecules (O
ozone in small concentrations may be beneficial in controlled applications because it can act as a disinfection agent to remove bacteria. Ozone generators can be used for water treatment equipment and in some air cleaning systems to remove the germs. This is intentionally maintained in low concentrations to minimize potential negative effects on health. An example of ozone as air purifiers occurs when the flash is generated in storms and the air then smells fresher. High electricity in flash can create ozone from oxygen molecules that will react with air pollution and temporarily clean the air.
In the upper atmosphere, ozone consists of naturally reactions of oxygen molecules with sunlight with high intensity. Ozone is a very good absorber of wavelengthsUltraviolet B (UVB), which is known to support in humans and many animals. Ozone constantly reacts with other particles and then regenerates during the day, maintaining a constant concentration of ozone. This amount is very small, measured in several parts per billion air parts, but important for UVB protection.
chlorofluorocarbones (CFCS) were invented in the 30s of the 20th century as a group of products needed to replace dangerous refrigerant, such as ammonia and methyl chloride, which were either flammable or toxic. Tests with CFC have shown that humans and animals can be safely exposed to leaks of smaller amounts found in households and smaller businesses without risk. During the short period, CFC was widely used around the world in cooling, aerosol spray cans and fire extinguishers.
Research starting at the age of 60 showed that in some parts of the upper atmosphere of the Earth, ozone concentration decreased. In the 80s of the 20th century there was a clear relationship between the losses of the ozoneEat layers and CFC relaxed to Air Reaching Upper atmosphere. Scientists have suggested that extremely stable CFC molecules have remained in the Earth's atmosphere for many years, and eventually air currents and weather allowed them to achieve atmospheric heights where the ozone concentration was the highest.
The same energy of sunlight that created ozone was also strong enough to divide the CFC molecules and release chlorine molecules (CL). These molecules, along with dust and high height ice crystals, formed reaction sites that disintegrated ozone and formed normal oxygen molecules. Although these reactions occurred everywhere in the atmosphere, very low temperatures and weather conditions found in the South Pole caused a higher reaction rate.
The satellite data showed a very low concentration of ozone at the South Pole on a very early polar spring after several months of darkness. Scientists and media at that time created the term "ozone hole" to explain the effect. Although the ozone hole was temporary every spring andHe disappeared relatively fast, raising great concerns about the long -term effect of CFC.
In 1987, nearly 200 countries belonging to the UN Montreal protocol and agreed to gradually eliminate or stop the production of CFC for a specific term. Changes have been made in the following decades because new evidence has shown higher ozone exhaustion than originally thought. The CFC was replaced by small or no chlorine compounds in their molecules called hydrochlorofluorocarbones (HCFC) and hydrophluorocarbones (HFC).
Interest has developed in the use of flammable gases, such as propane and even ammonia for some applications, because these products do not cause ozone exhaustion. At the beginning of the 21st century, manufacturers were looking for ways to safely integrate flammable gases into consumer products. The research has also been extended to include unholy gases, such as carbon dioxide and other technologies that could cool food without the use of refrigerant gases.