What are vascular malformations?
Vascular malformations, also called congenital vascular malformations (CVMS), are abnormalities in the formation of blood vessels. Although they are almost always congenital or present at birth, there have been rare cases where vascular malformations were caused by trauma or associated with neurological disorder. There are several types of CVM, including arteriovenous malformations, capillary malformations, lymphatic malformations, venous malformations and combined vascular malformations. They usually take the form of clusters of blood vessels and can cause aberrations in blood flow. Vascular malformations are divided into two groups, rapid flow and slow flow, based on blood flow rate. These vascular disorders occur when blood vessels clump over a capillary bed to provide abnormal direct connection between arteries and veins. Normally, the artery of unlaonygenated blood to capillaries would distribute blood to the body tissue and then returned the deoxygenated blood to the veins. Direct connection between veins and arteriesIn AVM it causes blood to join in the veins.
AVM is particularly dangerous because it is delicate and prone to bleeding. If the lesion occurs in the brain, bleeding can cause a fatal stroke. These vascular malformations usually represent several symptoms, or perhaps no at all, and are often diagnosed after the lesions have burst and caused damage such as paralysis or death, the body. Less serious symptoms may include headaches, neurological disorders and seizures. Doctors can treat AVM by removing an offensive cluster of blood vessels with surgery, exclude it from the rest of the circulatory system through embolization, or intentionally damage the blood vessels around the lesion of radiosurgies that the blood vessels close and cut off AVM.
capillary malformation or stain of vinařů port can be diagnosed with vision and appears as a red or pink maternal mark that may appear in a smallh or large spots. This is due to the presence of abnormally large capillaries in the area. If they are present on the forehead or eyelids, Portwine spots are associated with Sturge-Webera syndrome and the marks via the spine are associated with COBB syndrome. Lees can grow and darken over time, and eventually create coarse on the skin, the others may disappear at the age of one year. Laser therapy is used for more superficial vascular malformations and surgery is required for growth and deeper tissue capillary malformation.
venous malformations can also show visible symptoms, usually soft, red or blue, lump -shaped leather. This is caused by a lack of smooth muscles in the veins, which makes it abnormally widespread. In addition to cosmetics, venous malformations can coat or bleed suddenly, causing serious complications. These vascular malformations can be treated with surgical removal, laser therapy, compression clothing or sclerotherapy, with irritation to reduce the affected veins.
lymphatic malformations are also physically visible and represent an enlarged structure on the skin such as a tip or lip or a bubble. This is due to the deceleration of the liquid by the lymphatic system into the veins and creates the accumulation of fluid in the lymphatic blood vessels. Complications may include breathing problems, if placed in the trachea, infections due to lymph leakage or Gorham syndrome, if located near the bone, which can cause bone loss. Treatments are similar to treatment for venous malformations.
combined vascular malformations include more than one type of vascular abnormalities. They usually affect limbs, but may be present in any part of the body. Complications and treatment differ depending on the location of abnormalty and type of malformation. Combined vascular malformations are diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography scanning (CT), X -rays and sonograms.