What is a chromosome translocation?

Chromosome is a source of DNA and related proteins that exist in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells and carry genes of the organism. Human genetic material consists of 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent. Cromosome translocation concerns the transmission of part of one chromosome to another position on the same chromosome or to a position on a non -nomological chromosome. When a chromosome translocation involves a single chromosome, it is referred to as Shift . Research has found that translocation occurred in evolution, but most translocations do not provide an adaptive advantage for the body.

Translocations were first observed at the end of the nineteenth century and were often observed in cancer tumors, where they have shown that they are common. Further research has shown a connection between chromosome translocation and various disorders. For example, a specific type of chromosome translocation called "Robertsonian translocation" often occurs in patients with familial Down syndrome. It differs from the more common form of Down syndrome, inwhich the patient has 47 chromosomes due to another copy of chromosome 21. Patients with family Down syndrome have often inherited a Robertson translocation from parents who have only 45 chromosomes but are not affected.

balanced translocation occurs when pieces of two chromosomes exchange places. In a balanced translocation, all the genetic material that should be present is actually present and the individual will probably not show any health problems. If a person with a balanced chromosome translocation has a child and only one of the chromosomes with translocation is handed over, the child will miss some genetic material and will have three copies, more than two, other material. This is called unbalanced translocation.

It is balanced that the chromosome translocation occurs in one of each 625 individuals. Although these individuals are likely to be healthy, they have an increased risk of meeting various reproductive problems, including abortion, dead birth, infertility and supply of a child with congenital defects. Genetic counseling and testing can help determine the situation.

One examination tool for translocation screening is called multicolored florencence in situ hybridization (multicolored fish), also known as spectral karyotyping. It is used to diagnose cancer and can show small translocations that would not otherwise be seen. Karyotypes colored Giemsa is another analytical tool.